Login to Access Video or Poster Abstract: MP95-14
Sources of Funding: NIH P20-DK-100863 (TC), NIH R21-DK-109433 (TC), and NIH K12-DK-07-006: Multidisciplinary K12 Urologic Research Career Development Program (TC)

Introduction

Socioeconomic status reflects a combination of education, income, and occupation for individuals. It is known to significantly impact several health conditions, but the relationship to kidney stones remains unknown. This study aims to examine the association between race, income, and education on urinary stone presentation._x000D_

Methods

ReSKU - the Registry for Stones of the Kidney and Ureter - is a prospective stone registry centered at the University of California, San Francisco. From November 2015 to October 2016, all new nephrolithiasis patients were enrolled. Patient demographics, presentation, and stone characteristics are automatically extracted from the electronic health record and stored in a secure data warehouse. Gross household income for postal address was obtained from Census Bureau data and divided into quartiles. Patient factors were correlated to stone characteristics using univariate and multivariate models. _x000D_

Results

411 new stone patients were enrolled. The most common race was Caucasian (71.8%), following by Asian and Hispanic/Latino. Most patients reported their highest education level as &[Prime]some college or college degree&[Prime] (48.2%), following by &[Prime]high school or less&[Prime] and &[Prime]graduate school&[Prime], and their mean annual income was $77,944.4±34,841.4. Staghorn stone was present in 10.4%. The overall mean total stone burden at presentation was 19.8±25.5 mm. _x000D_ _x000D_ No association existed between race and the presence of staghorn stone (p = 0.47), or stone burden (p = 0.29). Education level was significantly associated with the presence of staghorn stone (p <0.01). Similarly, mean stone burden was significantly higher in patients with high school education level (p <0.01). Patients with the lowest income quartile presented with staghorn stones five times more often than the highest quartile (16.8% versus 3%, p <0.01), and income status was inversely correlated to total stone burden (p <0.01). Multivariate analysis demonstrated a strong correlation between education level and the presence of staghorn stone and total stone burden. Comparing patients with graduate school education to high school or less levels of education, the odds ratio for having a staghorn stone was 0.13 (p <0.01), and coefficient for total stone burden was a 13.8 mm decrease for every incremental increase in education level (p <0.01). _x000D_

Conclusions

Lower education level and annual household income were strongly associated with higher total stone burden and the presence of staghorn stones, independent of race. Data collection in ReSKU is continuously ongoing to validate these findings. _x000D_

Funding

NIH P20-DK-100863 (TC), NIH R21-DK-109433 (TC), and NIH K12-DK-07-006: Multidisciplinary K12 Urologic Research Career Development Program (TC)