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Sources of Funding: This work was supported by the Medical Research Promotion Grant from Takeda Science Foundation, the Research Promotion Grant from Daiwa Securities Health Foundation, and the Research Promotion Grant from Smoking Research Foundation.

Introduction

It has been suggested that androgen-suppression therapy (AST) may inhibit the occurrence of primary bladder cancer as well as intravesical recurrence of bladder cancer. This study aimed to reveal whether intravesical recurrence is affected by an inhibition of androgen signaling among men with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.

Methods

This study examined the intravesical recurrent rate among men treated with or without AST by androgen-deprivation therapy for prostate cancer or 5?-reductase inhibitor dutasteride for benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Results

This study included 228 men with AST (n = 32) or without AST (n = 196). During the median follow-up period of 3.6 or 3.0 years, intravesical recurrence occurred in four (12.5%) or 59 (30.1%) of men with or without AST, respectively. On multivariate analysis, multiple tumor (hazard ration, HR = 1.82, p = 0.027), large tumor (HR = 2.13, p = 0.043) and ever smoking (HR = 2.45, p = 0.020) as well as the presence of AST (HR = 0.36, p = 0.024) were independent risk factors for intravesical recurrence (Fig. A). Notably, tumor progression to muscle-invasive bladder cancer occurred in six (3.1%) men without AST, while no case progressed to muscle-invasive bladder cancer in men with AST.

Conclusions

Our study suggested the possibility of AST for prophylactic use of intravesical recurrence of bladder cancer. Further explorations on the prophylactic effect of AST on bladder cancer pathogenesis are warranted.

Funding

This work was supported by the Medical Research Promotion Grant from Takeda Science Foundation, the Research Promotion Grant from Daiwa Securities Health Foundation, and the Research Promotion Grant from Smoking Research Foundation.